Information on the thesis

In the dissertation implemented a complex analysis of the preconditions,
specifics of formation and features of M. Heidegger’s philosophy, and proposed the
existential interpretation of the one. The author not only fixed the influence of the
predecessors of the philosophy of existence on the thinker studied in this research
and his attempts to secularize their based on religious principles anthropological
ideas, but also revealed the identity of his existential philosophy, which arose as a
result of the transformation of transcendental phenomenology into the hermeneutic
phenomenology. In particular, the patterns of Heidegger’s interpretation of the
dynamics of human existence are traced: if at an “early” stage of his work it is
primarily investigated in existential-temporal and thanatological dimensions,
inspired by an individual perspective, then at a “late” stage – through philosophico-
technical discourse, which appeared in the analysis of the general historical
measurement of human in the context of understanding the subjectivity of modern
thinking. It is proved that despite mentioned significant philosophical evolution, in
Heidegger’s thinking, at both “early” and “late” stages, there is a continuity
regarding existential interpretation of anthropological issues, particularly, in the
sense of comprehension human existence as ambivalent, dynamic, directed to
conscious self-realization. It is discovered that Heidegger’s mode of thinking,
likewise the predecessors of existentialism, causes human’s understanding the
positive through the inevitable experience of overcoming the negative, in particular,
revealing the authentic mode – through the negative repulsion from inauthentic
ways of existence, but also revealing of the negativism of the phenomena rooted in
human existence itself (such as death, anxiety, guilt, boredom, etc.), thereby the
factor of negative existentials is actualized. Peculiarities of use of existentialist
concepts in Western philosophy in general, and Heidegger’s philosophy in
particular, have been analyzed. The specifics of philosopher’s questioning of
person’s identity transformation under the influence of technic are highlighted.
Attention is also paid to the ways of requiredness of Heidegger’s existential
philosophy in the context of Ukrainian philosophical thought.
In the first chapter, “The Origin and Specificity of the Existentialism Ideas
and the Possibility of Existential Interpretation of Martin Heidegger’s Philosophy”,
explored questions related to the origin, specificity and criteria of existentialism, as
well as the possibility and reasons for fitting Heidegger’s philosophy into this
tradition. In addition, specified features whereby the existential philosophy differs
from other anthropologically relevant studies.
In the second chapter, “The Ambivalence and Stadial Development of
Human Existence as a Subject of Existential Thought in a Pre-Heideggerian Age
(Christian Anthropological Paradigm in the Interdisciplinary Dimension)”,
described key anthropological views that arose during the so-called pre-
Heideggerian stage in the history of philosophy, implemented their reconstruction
and explication. In addition, specified corresponding impulses that were either
assimilated by Heidegger, or seemed related to his way of thinking.
In the third chapter, “The Origins, Emergence and Evolution of Heidegger’s
Thought: the Secularization of Ideas of Religious Predecessors of Existentialism
and Development of Existential Philosophy”, clarified characteristics of
Heidegger’s philosophy genesis and formation, in particular, the specificity and
novelty of his existential-anthropological approaches, features of the formation of
his project of hermeneutic phenomenology, the methodology of the one, especially,
method of destruction. There is also a question of the relevance of the thinker’s
views for Western philosophy of the XX – beginning of XXI century.
In the fourth chapter – “The Specificity of Human Existence of the “Early”
Heidegger: the Existential-Temporal Discourse and the Problem of Authentic
Existence Through the Prism of “Negative” Existentials” – interpreted key ideas of
the “early” Heidegger’s philosophy, in particular, specified determinative for him in
the study anthropological problematic of the existential-temporal and thanatological
discourses. Discovered the peculiarities of the interpretation of experience concept,
identified and investigated the origins of Heideggerian understanding of
temporality, distinguished timeliness, temporariness, mortality as correlates of
authentic existence, grounded a statement about identification of the human
authenticity with the help of “negative” existentials.
In the final fifth chapter, “Dynamics of Human Existence in the Context of
Civilizational Transformations: Philosophico-Technical Discourse of the “Late”
Heidegger and the Problematics of Posthumanism”, author moved to the second
fundamental perspective of examining the existential problems: civilizational,
where the key role played by the factor of technic; identified such modern
civilizational transformations as tyranny of the moment, as “liquid times”, the
imperative of “fluidity” and fragmentarity; revealed the features of analysis of
human existence in the technical environment from both existentialism and
Heidegger’s side, the relevance of his approaches to posthumanistic philosophical
discourse is shown.
Keywords: Heidegger, human existence, dynamics, existential philosophy,
time, authenticity, existentials, death, destruction, hermeneutical phenomenology,
technic.